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            <channel><title>Presseurop | <![CDATA[Communism]]></title>
                <link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en</link>
                <description>The best of the European press translated into 10 languages</description>
                <language>en</language><item><title>Poland | Martial law generals found guilty, but too late</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/1390881-martial-law-generals-found-guilty-too-late</link><description><![CDATA[&ldquo;The generals are criminals,&rdquo; headlines Polska The Times the  day after a court in Warsaw found the instigators of martial law in  Poland [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/Polska-TheTimes-01132012-v.jpg" length="11140" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Fri, 13 Jan 2012 14:12:41 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Debate  | Why I'm feeling strangely Austrian (Financial Times, London)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/1379051-why-i-m-feeling-strangely-austrian</link><description><![CDATA[As the financial crisis continues to ravage the West, the dominant ideology of all triumphant free-market liberalism is collapsing. But what new political trends are emerging, and which will succeed? asks Gideon Rachman. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/pinn-ideology.jpg" length="39558" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jan 2012 16:10:35 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Germany | Still living in Lenin Street (Gazeta Wyborcza, Warsaw)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/1355581-still-living-lenin-street</link><description><![CDATA[Twenty-one years after German reunification, many streets and squares of the former GDR are still named communist grandees. For a number of former dissidents and a journalist from Gazeta Wyborcza, it’s a puzzling phenomonen. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/film-lenin.jpg" length="19944" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Wed, 04 Jan 2012 16:15:08 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>History | Sixty-Eight Publishers - books of dissent (Lidové noviny , Prague)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/1321271-sixty-eight-publishers-books-dissent</link><description><![CDATA[They published Václav Havel and all those Czechoslovak writers banned by the communist regime. Forty years ago, Zdena and Josef Škvorecký created in Toronto one of the most important publishing houses of the Eastern European resistance. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/68publishers-A-b.jpg" length="74930" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Tue, 27 Dec 2011 13:00:19 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Slovakia | Law could lead to Communist Party&#039;s dissolution</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/1143321-law-could-lead-communist-partys-dissolution</link><description><![CDATA[Twenty-two years after the 1989 revolution, &ldquo;the police will investigate the communists&rdquo; announces SME. Two months after a law made it a punishable offence to [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/SME-07112011-100.jpg" length="13296" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Mon, 07 Nov 2011 14:18:29 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>1991-2011 | A Baltic triumph (IQ The Economist, Vilnius)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/872211-baltic-triumph</link><description><![CDATA[In August 1991, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia declared their independence from a collapsing USSR. Despite a few hiccups along the way, twenty years on they have definitively turned the page on Communism and come back to their roots in Europe. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/Baltes-1991.jpg" length="46508" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Fri, 19 Aug 2011 17:37:30 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Romania | The totalitarian tourist trail</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief/867711-totalitarian-tourist-trail</link><description><![CDATA[Following the example of China and North Korea, Romania will soon have its own tourist trail devoted to the glories of Communism. More than 20 [&hellip;] (News in brief)]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 18 Aug 2011 13:30:19 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Bulgaria | The superheroes of Soviet Sofia (Dnevnik, Sofia)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/765421-superheroes-soviet-sofia</link><description><![CDATA[In mid-June, anonymous artists repainted the Soviet soldiers on a war monument in Sofia as comic-book superheroes. Beyond merely irritating the authorities with the farce, the gesture raises the question of the relationship between power, art and history. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/bulgaria-monuments.jpg" length="182606" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Fri, 08 Jul 2011 17:14:45 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>IDEAS | Why Arab revolution isn't 1989 again (Lidové noviny , Prague)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/498041-why-arab-revolution-isn-t-1989-again</link><description><![CDATA[The parallel between the popular unrest in Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco, and the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 is an uneasy one. How can the foundations for democracy in the Arab world be compared with those of Eastern Europe? (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/egypt-1989.jpg" length="89870" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 10 Feb 2011 16:07:38 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Eastern Europe | Transniestria looks to Russia, not EU (EUobserver.com, Brussels)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/479791-transniestria-looks-russia-not-eu</link><description><![CDATA[The 350,000-or-so people living in the separatist Transniestria region want to integrate with Russia despite a new wave of euro-optimism on the other side of its unofficial border with Moldova. But their views are shaped by decades of repression. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/Tiraspol-military.jpg" length="56893" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:49:04 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Bulgaria | Sofia diplomats outed as ex-spies</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/431291-sofia-diplomats-outed-ex-spies</link><description><![CDATA[&quot;President defends DS spy ambassadors,&rdquo; announces Dnevnik. Bulgarian President Gu&eacute;orgui Parvanov has declared that he will oppose Prime Minister Bo&iuml;ko Borissov&rsquo;s plan to recall 40 [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/16122010-Dnevnik-100.jpg" length="18278" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 16 Dec 2010 13:55:51 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Hungary | Ghosts of the communist past (Presseurop, )</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/414881-ghosts-communist-past</link><description><![CDATA[Paul Lendvai, a doyen of Hungarian political journalism, stands accused of collaborating with the former Communist regime. And this revelation comes at a time of mounting political tension. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/Paul-Lendvai.jpg" length="96230" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 02 Dec 2010 20:11:14 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Democracy | Press targets Sarkozy for snooping</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief/377131-press-targets-sarkozy-snooping</link><description><![CDATA[In its 3 November edition, French satirical weekly Canard Encha&icirc;n&eacute; accuses President Nicolas Sarkozy of having personally ordered the French secret service to &ldquo;put journalists [&hellip;] (News in brief)]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 04 Nov 2010 16:59:23 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Poland | Solidarity's dispersed legacy (Presseurop, )</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/326251-solidarity-s-dispersed-legacy</link><description><![CDATA[Solidarity – a movement supported by almost 10 million members in 1981, and with less than 600,000 members today – will celebrate the 30th anniversary of the 1980 “August Agreements” that led to the creation of the first independent labour representation in the Soviet-dominated bloc. The anniversary has sparked a heated debate in the Polish press. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/solidarnosc-walesa.jpg" length="73456" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Mon, 30 Aug 2010 14:53:54 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>CZECH REPUBLIC | Anti-communists rehabilitated</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/308851-anti-communists-rehabilitated</link><description><![CDATA[Milan Paumer funeral changes attitudes to the resistance&quot;,&nbsp;headlines&nbsp;Mlada Fronta DNES, in the wake of the burial of a famous anti-communist rebel. The Czech Republic&rsquo;s main [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/Image 9.png" length="29759" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 05 Aug 2010 16:25:37 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Exhibition | From east to west, art remains political (Dilema Veche, Bucharest)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/276271-east-west-art-remains-political</link><description><![CDATA[In Paris the &quot;Les Promesses du Passé&quot; (Promises of the past) exhibition examines the development of artistic creation and the continuing ambition to change the world in a Europe marked by the Iron Curtain and the East-West divide. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/Endre-Tot.jpg" length="58737" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Fri, 18 Jun 2010 15:52:34 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>POLAND | Jail for a Che teeshirt?</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/272501-jail-che-teeshirt</link><description><![CDATA[Those promoting communism will be prosecuted, leads Rzeczpospolita. According to recently adopted amendments to the penal code, anyone found guilty of propagating communist symbols is [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/rzeczpospolita-14062010.JPG" length="40095" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Mon, 14 Jun 2010 13:30:49 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Romania | Court throws out lustration law</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/269151-court-throws-out-lustration-law</link><description><![CDATA[Romania&rsquo;s lustration &ndash; or vetting &ndash; law, which the nation had eagerly awaited for over 20 years, only survived for a few weeks. Passed on [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/100608gandul.jpg" length="7609" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Tue, 08 Jun 2010 18:22:01 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Romania | Bucharest sees mass demo against austerity</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/255391-bucharest-sees-mass-demo-against-austerity</link><description><![CDATA[&quot;On 19 may the atmosphere in Bucharest&#039;s Victory Square was not only marked by&nbsp;the despair of people who have been pushed to the brink of [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/Gandul-20052010.jpg" length="42269" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 20 May 2010 15:05:36 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Czech Republic | Neo-Nazi ban could scuttle communists</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/193371-neo-nazi-ban-could-scuttle-communists</link><description><![CDATA[The 17 February ruling by the Czech Supreme Administrative Court which disbands the Workers&#039; Party is clear: the &quot;populist, xenophobic and racist&quot; Workers&#039; Party shares [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/100218lidovenoviny.jpg" length="7405" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 18 Feb 2010 15:49:05 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Eastern Europe | The scourge of Ceausescu (Jurnalul Naţional, Bucharest)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/157231-scourge-ceausescu</link><description><![CDATA[For people living in the Eastern Bloc during the communist era, Radio Free Europe was one of the few alternative sources for news from the rest of the world. On the eve of the twentieth anniversary of the 1989 revolution, Romania prepares to pay homage to the station that vehemently criticised the Ceausescu regime. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/RFE-romania_0.jpg" length="124015" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2009 18:06:06 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Germany | After the Wall (Presseurop, )</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/133961-after-wall</link><description><![CDATA[Today, on 9 November, a reunified Germany and a peaceful Europe will celebrate the anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall - an event hailed by the European press, which nonetheless notes that the end of the Cold War has yet to bring all of the expected benefits to the Old Continent. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/berlin-wall-fall.jpg" length="34329" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 18:41:16 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Berlin Wall | Lest we forget Poland... (Polska The Times, Warsaw)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/133501-lest-we-forget-poland</link><description><![CDATA[Almost everyone remembers the fall of the Berlin Wall as the moment that marked the end of communism in Europe, but five months earlier, the first free elections in Poland had already paved the way for change. Journalist Jacek Stawiski complains that our sense of history has been skewed by a fondness for dramatic images. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/victory-1989.jpg" length="134002" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2009 16:31:46 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Germany | Reunification - one word, two lies (Cicero, Berlin)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/132491-reunification-one-word-two-lies</link><description><![CDATA[Eastern Germans have too been too busy adapting to a new society to settle their accounts with the former German Democratic Republic. And upholding the myth of reunification will only serve to stifle any real debate, comments the writer Thomas Brussig. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/mur-berlin-reunification-allemagne_1.JPG" length="211870" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2009 17:54:35 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Poland-Czech Republic | Smells like &#039;89 spirit (Respekt, Prague)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/129461-smells-89-spirit</link><description><![CDATA[In October 1989, underground artists from Poland and Czechoslovakia gathered in Wrocław for an independent cultural festival. Twenty years later, a commemorative event held in the Polish city and in Prague aims to rekindle the spirit of solidarity and cultural resistance to the communist regime. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/brazda-art.jpg" length="82637" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 19:19:34 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Catholic Church | Vatican says Marx is good dope</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/122161-vatican-says-marx-good-dope</link><description><![CDATA[Karl Marx, who coined the phrase &ldquo;Religion is the opium of the people&rdquo;, may well be spinning in his grave at Highgate cemetery, London, with [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/times-091022.jpg" length="6418" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2009 15:54:25 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Romania | Cuban junket for Ceauşescu nostalgics</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/117111-cuban-junket-ceausescu-nostalgics</link><description><![CDATA[&quot;Want to go back to communism? We&#039;ll send you to Cuba!&quot; On its front page, Adevarul has commenced preparations for the 20th anniversary of the [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/151009-adevarul.jpg" length="56141" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2009 16:37:27 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Autumn 1989 | The Wall fell in Leipzig (Die Zeit, Hamburg)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/113081-wall-fell-leipzig</link><description><![CDATA[The Berlin Wall is the symbol of both divided and reunified Germany. But 20 years ago, on 9 October, the first mass demonstrations against the East German regime took place in Leipzig. Had it not been for Leipzig, the Wall would never have come down, writes Die Zeit. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/leipzig-square.jpg" length="61436" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2009 17:39:18 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>History | Condemning totalitarianism of all colours (Revista 22, Bucharest)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/82381-condemning-totalitarianism-all-colours</link><description><![CDATA[The 23rd August is &quot;European Day of Rememberance for the Victims of Nazism and Stalinism&quot;, to condemn totalitarianism. A noble cause perhaps, but one which has provoked controversy in Russia, where Stalin is still a national hero. They point out that Russia in fact saved many lives threatened by Nazism. Yet the Russians remain cagey about their Soviet Union archives, a stumbling block for ex-Soviet states to really understand their totalitarian pasts. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/baltic-chain.jpg" length="36212" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2009 21:16:47 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Anniversary | The picnic that raised the Iron Curtain (Presseurop, )</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/80301-picnic-raised-iron-curtain</link><description><![CDATA[On 19 August 1989, several thousand people arranged to get together near the Hungarian town of Sopron, along the Austrian border, for a pan-European picnic. The event was organised by Hungary’s democratic opposition parties and Otto von Habsburg’s pan-European movement, and was sanctioned by the Hungarian authorities, who actually opened the border for three hours for the occasion. The picnic proved a turning point in history that eventually led to the raising of the Iron Curtain. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/sopron-border.jpg" length="35709" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2009 19:53:43 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Croatia | The island of Marshall Tito (Trouw, Amsterdam)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/69061-island-marshall-tito</link><description><![CDATA[A Croatian island that was home to a sinister Titoist re-education camp for 40 years will shortly be provided with a memorial and documentation centre. For former detainees, acknowledgement of the horror they endured remains an ongoing combat, reports Dutch daily Trouw. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/Goli-Otok.jpg" length="143105" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2009 19:28:57 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Czech Republic | Communists say sorry for scraps of power</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/63341-communists-say-sorry-scraps-power</link><description><![CDATA[On its front page, Hospod&aacute;řsk&eacute; Noviny leads with &quot;Communists want a role in government in exchange for an apology.&quot; Twenty years after the fall of [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/hospodarske-noviny-090727.jpg" length="7846" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 17:03:52 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Ideas | Homage to three wise men</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/61311-homage-three-wise-men</link><description><![CDATA[Over at the Guardian, Timothy Garton Ash has written a eulogy on the passing this year of Ralf Dahrendorf, Leszek Kolakowski, Bronislaw Geremek, three European [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2009 18:00:44 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Obituary | So farewell then Leszek Kolakowski</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/58521-so-farewell-then-leszek-kolakowski</link><description><![CDATA[Gazeta Wyborcza pays homage to Leszek Kolakowski, the most influential Polish philosopher of the XXth century who died on Friday. &ldquo;He started and won the [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2009 19:02:46 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Politics | Holiday isle chief seeks communist ban</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/news-brief-cover/56581-holiday-isle-chief-seeks-communist-ban</link><description><![CDATA[Alberto Jardim, President of the autonomous Regional Government of Madeira (a popular destination for middle-aged British tourists) and a member of the Social Democratic Party [&hellip;] (News in brief : cover)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/briefcover/diario-de-noticias-160709.jpg" length="12134" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2009 18:43:02 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Post-89 societies | In the shadow of the archives (Respekt, Prague)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/51111-shadow-archives</link><description><![CDATA[In the countries of the former Soviet Bloc, information from communist era secret police archives continues to spark controversy. Should public figures be investigated? Or is it time to forget? Different attitudes in individual countries were determined during the transition to democracy. (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/archives-police-secrete-comuniste.jpg" length="78162" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 18:13:15 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Youth | Daughters of communism don&#039;t look back (Cafebabel.com, Paris)</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/39131-daughters-communism-dont-look-back</link><description><![CDATA[Born in what was still known as the &quot;Eastern bloc&quot;, three young women now in their twenties have embraced whole-heartedly their societies&#039; conversion to capitalism. Café Babel meets up with Europe new &quot;Working girls.&quot; (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/girls-east.jpg" length="39049" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 19:53:43 +0100</pubDate></item>
<item><title>Poland | It was 20 years ago today... (Presseurop, )</title><link>http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/17251-it-was-20-years-ago-today</link><description><![CDATA[As Poland celebrates 20 years of political independence, feelings are mixed. While Gazeta Wyborcza raises a glass to a free Poland, “shared by all”, Pawel Lisicki, in Rzeczpospolita laments “a time of ‘amnesia and a weakening of the sense of civic duty.” (Article)]]></description><enclosure url="http://www.presseurop.eu/files/images/article/walesa-Geremek-Jaruzelski-Rakowski_1.jpg" length="52496" type="image/jpeg" /><pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2009 17:59:30 +0100</pubDate></item>
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