Translated in over fifty languages, Orhan Pamuk (b. 1952) is Turkey's most celebrated novelist. His works include The Black Book (1994), Snow (2004), Istanbul: Memories of a City‎ (2005) and most recently The Museum of Innocence (2009). A professor of comparative literature and writing at New York's Columbia University, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2006 – the first time this distinction was made to a Turkish citizen.